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Safety Valve Capacities in High Pressure Steam Systems - Sizing safety valves according boiler output power in high pressure systems (kW and Btu/hr).Safety Signals - Recommended Colors - American National Standards Institutes schedule for safety colors marking physical hazards.

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Pressure - Maximum safety valve free air relief capacity.

Pilot Operated Safety Valves in Liquid Systems - Calculate pilot operated relief valves in liquid systems.Low Pressure Steam Safety Valves - Capacities - Sizing safety valves after boiler output power in low pressure systems (kW and Btu/hr).Lifting Wheels - Loads and effort force with lifting wheels.Boiler Power - Safety valves with boilers ranging 275 to 1500 kW. Heating Systems - Safety Valves Size vs.Hazardous Areas - European Classification Standard - European hazardous area classification with zones, protection types, temperature codes and codes.Elevators - Force and Power - Required force and power to lift an elevator.

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ASME - International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - The International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code safety rules governing design, fabrication, and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, and nuclear power plant components during construction.

Miscellaneous - Engineering related topics like Beaufort Wind Scale, CE-marking, drawing standards and more.

Τ allow = allowable shear stress (N/m 2, psi)īe aware that in some cases there may not be a linearity between applied load and stress. Τ fail = failure shear stress (N/m 2, psi) Σ allow = allowable normal stress (N/m 2, psi) Σ fail = failure normal stress (N/m 2, psi) In general there is a linear connection between load and stress and the factor of safety can within mechanical engineering for normal stress be modified to General recommendations Applicationsįor use with highly reliable materials where loading and environmental conditions are not severe and where weight is an important considerationįor use with reliable materials where loading and environmental conditions are not severeįor use with ordinary materials where loading and environmental conditions are not severeįor use with less tried and for brittle materials where loading and environmental conditions are not severeįor use with materials where properties are not reliable and where loading and environmental conditions are not severe, or where reliable materials are used under difficult and environmental conditions

Note that for statutory items such as cranes and pressure vessels FOS are specified in the design codes. Typical overall Factors of Safety: Equipmentĭesign Factors of Safety are often published in technical standards but there is no dedicated standard to the subject. = 2000 N Typical overall Factors of Safety With a safety factor FOS = 5 - the allowable load can be estimated by rearranging (1) to Factors of Safety - FOS - are a part of engineering design and can for structural engineering typically be expressed asį allow = allowable load (N, lb f) Example - Structural Steel Column in a Buildingĭue to buckling the failure load of a steel column in a building is estimated to 10000 N.